Yemen — Cyber Threat Profile

Yemen's cyber environment is defined by active conflict between two rival administrations, each weaponizing internet infrastructure. The Houthi-aligned OilAlpha threat group deployed Android spyware against humanitarian organizations including CARE International and the Norwegian Refugee Council in June 2024, harvesting credentials to control aid distribution. A separate GuardZoo surveillanceware campaign targeted military personnel across the Middle East. The internationally recognized government adopted Starlink in 2024 to break Houthi monopoly over internet services, the Houthis declared this a national security threat. Both YemenNet and AdenNet are assessed as riddled with security vulnerabilities. No functional national CERT exists.

Secure Internet servers per 1M people (2024): 15 (source: World Bank)
Internet users (2019): 17.5% of population (source: World Bank)

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