Mongolia — Cyber Threat Profile

Mongolia enacted a dedicated Cybersecurity Law in 2021 and approved its National Cybersecurity Strategy in 2022, establishing the National CERT (NCSIRT), a Public CSIRT, a Cybersecurity Council, and an Armed Forces Cybersecurity Center. Despite this institutional progress, a 2024 Oxford Global Cyber Security Capacity Centre review found implementation inconsistent, with CII compliance enforcement only beginning in 2025. Mongolia ranks 103rd of 194 countries in the ITU 2024 Global Cybersecurity Index. Public cyber awareness is critically low, with 71% of surveyed citizens unfamiliar with phishing and 60% unaware of ransomware.

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