Montenegro — Cyber Threat Profile

Montenegro suffered one of the most disruptive cyberattacks in the Western Balkans when Russian-linked actors hit government infrastructure in August 2022 using custom Cuba Ransomware, taking down 17 information systems across 10 institutions. NATO and FBI deployed rapid response teams to assist. A new Law on Information Security entered force in December 2024, creating a dedicated Cybersecurity Agency alongside the existing CIRT. The country ranks third tier in the ITU 2024 Global Cybersecurity Index, reflecting persistent gaps in financial and human resources. EU accession obligations under NIS2 are now a primary driver of reform.

National CERT/CSIRT: CIRT.ME
Data protection authority: Agency for Protection of Personal Data and Free Access to Information (DPA) (source: CNIL)
Secure Internet servers per 1M people (2024): 6,424.8 (source: World Bank)
Internet users (2024): 88.9% of population (source: World Bank)

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